JESUS IS GOD Unique Attributes of God in the Bible and the Quran

 

Comparative Theological Study: The Divinity of Jesus Christ in Light of Biblical and Quranic Texts

Author: Dr. Maxwell Shimba

Institution: Shimba Theological Institute

Course Overview & Objectives

This teaching document examines the theological thesis that Jesus Christ possesses exclusive divine attributes, drawing comparative evidence from Biblical scriptures, Quranic verses, and Islamic Hadith traditions.

By analyzing sacred texts through a chronological and comparative lens, this study explores two primary divine attributes attributed to Jesus:

1. The Divine Title: King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)
   
   
2. The Divine Function: The Ultimate Judge of All Creation
   
   
   
   

Section I: The Divine Title — King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)

1. The Quranic Recognition of Kingship as God's Attribute

In Islamic theology, supreme kingship (Al-Malik) is recognized as an exclusive attribute belonging strictly to God.

Quran 59:23

"He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign [King], the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him."

2. The Biblical Pre-existence of Jesus as the King of Kings

Centuries prior to the compilation of the Quran (which arrived over 632 years later), the New Testament explicitly ascribed the title King of Kings to Jesus Christ.

Revelation 17:14

"These will make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are called, chosen, and faithful."

Revelation 19:11, 16

"Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. And He who sat on him was called Faithful and True... And He has on His robe and on His thigh a name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS."

(See also 1 Timothy 6:15)

Key Theological Point:

• Chronological Primacy: The Biblical record establishes Jesus as the King of Kings over six centuries before the Islamic era.
  
  
• Attribute Ownership: Because supreme kingship is a unique divine attribute acknowledged across both traditions, Scripture confirms that Jesus inherently possesses the divine status of God.
  
  

Section II: The Hadith Warning Against the Title Malik Al-Amlak

Islamic Hadith collections highlight the high gravity of the title Malik Al-Amlak (King of Kings).

Primary Textual Evidence:

Sahih Al-Bukhari (Volume 8, Book 73, Hadith 224–225)

• Hadith 224: The Prophet of Allah said, "The most awful name in Allah's sight on the Day of Resurrection will be that of a man who calls himself Malik Al-Amlak (King of Kings)."
  
  
  
  
• Hadith 225: The Prophet said: "The most awful name in Allah's sight..." Sufyan said more than once, "The most terrible name in the sight of Allah is (the name of) a man who calls himself King of Kings." Sufyan added, "Others say that the translation of 'King of Kings' is 'Shahan Shah.'"
  
  
  
  

Analysis for Discussion:

• The Hadith underlines that no standard human can claim the title King of Kings without committing severe transgression before God.
  
  
• Yet, Biblical revelation assigns this title directly to Jesus Christ in His divine authority.
  
  

Section III: The Divine Office — The Ultimate Judge of Humanity

In monotheistic theology, the authority to judge all human souls at the end of time belongs exclusively to God. However, Scripture explicitly assigns all judgment directly to Jesus Christ.

                 [ The Supreme Seat of Judgment ]
                                 |
           +---------------------+---------------------+
           |                                           |
    [ John 5:22 ]                             [ Matthew 25:31-41 ]
    "The Father judges no one,                Jesus sits upon the Heavenly
     but has committed ALL                    Throne, separating all nations
     judgment to the Son."                    into eternal life or fire.

1. Total Delegation of Divine Judgment

John 5:22

"For the Father judges no one, but has committed all judgment to the Son."

2. The Final Eschatological Judgment

Matthew 25:31–34, 41

"When the Son of Man [Jesus] comes in His glory, and all the holy angels with Him, then He will sit on the throne of His glory. All the nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate them one from another... Then the King will say to those on His right hand, 'Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world'... Then He will also say to those on the left hand, 'Depart from Me, you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels.'"

Summary Matrix

Divine Attribute / Function	Biblical Reference	Quranic / Hadith Reference	Theological Implication
Title: King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)	Revelation 17:14; 19:16	Quran 59:23; Sahih Al-Bukhari 8:73:224-225	Supreme sovereign power belongs to Jesus as God.
Function: Ultimate Judge of Nations	John 5:22; Matthew 25:31–41	Referenced across comparative eschatological studies	Only God holds authority over eternal damnation and salvation.

Conclusion

This comparative analysis by the Shimba Theological Institute demonstrates that attributes strictly reserved for God—namely supreme Kingship (King of Kings) and universal final Judgment—are fully possessed by Jesus Christ as revealed in Holy Scripture.