Who Were the Writers of the Holy Qur'an During the Time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

 

Who Were the Writers of the Holy Qur'an During the Time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

THE KORAN WAS NOT REVEALED FROM ALLAH

Would you like to know the authors of the Koran? In our lesson today, we will learn about the authors of the Koran. Is it true that the Koran was revealed? Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the Koran was revealed?

When you say that Allah is the author of the Qur'an, it is a big lie, and many have accepted this lie and deception that the Koran was revealed, when it is known to have been written around 1400 AD.

A thinking person can say without hesitation that the Qur'an was written by several people who are known by name. The most prominent authors among them are:

• Imrul Qays: An ancient Arabian poet who died a few years before Muhammad was born.

• Zayd b. Amr b. Naufal: The 'heretic' of his time who preached and instituted Hanifism.

• Labid: Another poet.

• Hassan b. Thabit: Muhammad’s official poet.

• Salman: Muhammad's Persian advisor.

• Bahira: A Christian Nestorian monk from a monastery in Syria.

• Jabr: Muhammad's Christian neighbor.

• Ibn Qumta: A Christian slave.

• Khadija: Muhammad's first wife.

• Waraqa (cousin): Khadija's relative.

• Ubay b. Ka'ab: Muhammad’s scribe/writer.

• Muhammad: Himself.

Below, I will write a short history of some of the Koran's authors. I will start with Bahira, who was a Christian monk.

Bahira

Bahira was a Nestorian Christian monk who lived in Sham (Syria). His Christian name was Sergio Georgius. It is believed that he was expelled from the monastery after committing misconduct.

In the city of Makkah, he met Muhammad, became very close to him, and spent time with him. He had secret conversations with Muhammad, in which he certainly taught Muhammad many things about Christianity. Several verses in the Qur'an that discuss Christianity came from this monk, Bahira.

For example, all verses in the Koran that talk about the Book of Psalms (Zabur) were edited by this monk, Bahira:

4:163 Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Descendants, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the Book of Psalms.

17:55 And your Lord is most knowing of whoever is in the heavens and the earth. And We have made some of the prophets exceed others [in various ways], and to David We gave the Book of Psalms.

21:105 And We have already written in the Psalms after the [previous] mention that the land is inherited by My righteous servants.

2:113 The Jews say, "The Christians have nothing to stand on," and the Christians say, "The Jews have nothing to stand on," although they both recite the Scripture. Thus the polytheists speak the same as their words. But Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ.

2:139 Say, "Do you argue with us about Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord? For us are our deeds, and for you are your deeds. And we are sincere [in devotion] to Him."

3:23 Do you not consider those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They are invited to the Scripture of Allah that it should arbitrate between them; then a party of them turns away, and they are refusing.

*** The Quran has nothing extra or better than other books. The Qur'an was written by plagiarizing, copying, stealing, lying, and/or distorting from the BIBLE, to justify that the People of the Book should believe in it or use it as a guide. ***

Jabr

The Dictionary of Islam (Hughes Dictionary of Islam, p. 223) states that Jabr was one of the Ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book) and was well-read in the books of the Torah and the Injil (Gospel); thus, Muhammad used Jabr extensively in writing the Quran. Jabr was the one who read the Torah and the Injil to Muhammad whenever he passed by his house. Muhammad learned from Jabr and placed Surahs in the Quran that relate to Christians and Jews. All the verses concerning David and Solomon were crafted by this Jabr. Some of those verses include:

• David killed Goliath... 2:251

• The Psalms were given to David... 4:163

• Allah is discriminatory; He favored some Prophets over others; He gave the Psalms to David... 17:55

• Allah witnessed the judgment of David and Solomon... 21:78

• Allah gave Solomon correct understanding; He made the mountains and birds serve David... 21:79

• Allah taught David the skill of making armor for war... 21:80

• Before the Qur'an, Allah’s message was in David’s Psalms... 21:105

• Allah gave knowledge to David and Solomon... 27:15

• Solomon's father was David. Solomon was David's heir; Solomon understood the speech of birds, animals, and plants... 27:16

• Solomon had authority over the jinn; the jinn and birds fought in Solomon's army... 27:17

• Allah subjected the mountains under David's command; He taught him how to make armor from iron... 34:10–11

• Allah subjected the mountains and birds to David's service and endowed him with wisdom and sound judgment... 38:18–20

• Allah forgave David's sin... 38:25

• Allah appointed David as a ruler over the land and gave him authority to judge with justice according to divine laws rather than personal opinion... 38:26

*** Of course, all the stories/verses above are not from the BIBLE, but were copied/imitated/plagiarized and distorted from the later teachings of Jews and Christians. ***

Ibn Qumta

Ibn Qumta was a Christian slave who lived in the city of Makkah. Muhammad learned about the apocryphal gospels of Christianity (such as the Infancy Gospel and the Gospel of Barnabas) from him. The entire chapter about Mary and the birth of Jesus Christ (Surah 19) was written by this Christian slave.

Sources from Wakidi, quoted by Alphonso Mingana in his essay The Transmission of the Koran (The Origin of the Koran, p. 103), write:

'The earliest historian, Wakidi, contains the following sentences which suggested that 'Abdallah b. Sa'd b. Abi Sarh, and a Christian slave, Ibn Qumta, had something to do with the Koran. And Ibn Abi Sarh returned and said to the Quraysh: "It was only a Christian slave who was teaching him (Muhammad); my job was to write down and alter whatever Prophet Muhammad wanted."'

Please note that Abdallah b. Sa'd b. Abi Sarh was a trusted scribe of Muhammad. When Muhammad migrated to Medina, Abdallah followed him. Whenever Muhammad was in a state of vision, Abdallah was the writer of those visions. When Abdallah suggested some modifications to Muhammad's phrasing, Muhammad accepted easily. An example is when Muhammad was reciting verses 23:12–14:

23:12 And certainly We created man from an extract of clay. 23:13 Then We placed him as a sperm-drop in a firm lodging. 23:14 Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, and We made the clot into a lump [of flesh], and We made the lump into bones, and We covered the bones with flesh; then We developed him into another creation. So blessed is Allah, the best of creators!

Here is a short list of some verses in the Qur'an that Muhammad copied/stole from the books or writings of Christians, Jews, Armenians, Hindus, and Magians (Zoroastrians):

• Tayammum (04:43): Copied from the Jewish Talmud writings.

• Breathed life into a bird (2:260, 3:49, 5:110): Copied from Coptic books.

• Houris, Azazil (44:54): Learned from foreigners in Makkah.

• Harut and Marut (2:102): From Armenian books—Harut and Marut control the wind and rain.

• The Throne of Allah over water (11:07): From Jewish traditions.

• Malik, keeper of Hell (43:77): From Jewish roots [Molech – Leviticus 18:21; 20:2–5, etc.].

• 7 Heavens (2:29, 41:12): Adopted from Sanskrit Hindu writings.

• Mary giving birth under a palm tree (19:23): Copied from the Infancy Gospel, an apocryphal Christian Gospel.

• Baby Jesus speaking (3:46, 19:30–31, 19:33): Copied from the Infancy Gospel.

• Descriptions of Paradise and Hell (many verses – see section on Salman, the Persian): Copied from Magian (Zoroastrian) and Hindu teachings.

• Jesus was not killed; Allah raised Jesus up (3:55, 4:157–158): Copied from the Gospel of Barnabas.

• Story of Joseph (Surah 12): Copied from the Midrash, Jewish writings.

• Story of Solomon and Sheba (21:78–82, 27:17–19, 27:22–23): Copied from Haggadah, Jewish writings [1 Kings 10:1].

• The original Qur'an is preserved in Heaven (43:4, 85:21–22): The Talmud says that the Torah is a tablet under Heaven's protection.

• Angel of Death – Azrail or Azazil, Malak al-Mawt (6:61, 7:37, 32:11): Adopted from Jewish and Magian (Zoroastrian) texts.

PAGANS SAY THE QURAN IS JUST ANCIENT FABLES

Here is evidence from selected verses in the Quran telling us that the pagans were aware that Muhammad was telling them ancient stories they had heard before Muhammad:

• The disbelievers said that the Quran is like stories of ancient pagans... 08:31

• The disbelievers said that Muhammad's verses were copied from ancient stories... 16:24

• Many pagans had already heard resurrection stories from old pagan tales... 23:83

• Disbelievers said that 'the Qur'an is ancient fables that they heard before Muhammad'... 25:5

• The disbelievers insisted that the Qur'an consists of fables from ancient books... 27:68

• The disbelievers said the Quran is filled with stories of ancient people... 46:17

• The disbelievers call and equate Muhammad's verses to ancient stories... 68:15

CONCLUSION

The 'Quran' is not written by God. A wise God cannot write a book containing errors, contradictions, repetition, and textual flaws as found throughout the Qur'an, which serves as a misleading guide for mankind.

All anomalies, contradictions, TEXTUAL ERRORS, rambling, REPETITIONS, grammatical and linguistic mistakes, historical errors, TENDENCY TO ADVOCATE MURDER, HATE-MONGERING, WAR-MONGERING, DISCRIMINATION, racism, and other demonic traits of the Quran will easily make you understand that the Koran is not a Book of Holy God filled with mercy and grace who could write a demonic book like the Qur'an for Muhammad.

It is understood by those with wisdom that Muhammad’s claim to have been given the Koran is a blatant lie; this is why Muhammad claimed he received visions from Allah—to shut the mouths of all who doubted his book.

The entire Qur'an is written by Muhammad and is filled with his personal desires and ideas.

Alter Ego

In reality, Muhammad, Jibril, and Allah are one and the same person.

Muhammad

It was Muhammad who founded Islam, and later some of his followers, 'In the name of Allah', constructed the Qur'an by editing, altering, and plagiarizing from various scriptures and traditions of other people of that era.

His followers continued to spread this deception of Muhammad and instill it into human consciousness to achieve their political ambitions of ruling the Arabian peninsula and, later, other peaceful nations.

The Koran is not a Book of God, but the writings of Muhammad and his friends.

In His service,

Max Shimba

For Max Shimba Ministries

Copyright © Max Shimba Ministries 2013

WHO GAVE PROPHETHOOD AND APOSTLESHIP TO PROPHET MUHAMMAD?

 

WHO GAVE PROPHETHOOD AND APOSTLESHIP TO PROPHET MUHAMMAD?

We greet you once again in the glorious and holy name of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

We also continue to thank you for following these teachings of the Holy Bible.

We believe this same third topic regarding the Islamic faith will help you, as a true Christian, to refrain from participating in controversial debates between Muslims and Christians.

The second reason is for you, brother and sister, who are still lost in Islam without knowing the clear truth.

Among the more than 25 reasons that demonstrate to us the falsehood and deception of the religion of Islam, we desired to dig into “The Apostleship and Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).”

We have more than one hundred (100) reasons to ask Muslims and their book, the Qur’an, the question mentioned above, along with other questions about ISLAM and the Qur’an!

One of those questions arises because their book, the Qur’an, requires us Christians to convert to Islam. But before we convert and enter the religion of Islam, it is mandatory that we thoroughly know this prophet, because Jesus Christ warns us that many false prophets will arise and deceive many, if possible even the elect of God (Matthew 7:15–20). Therefore, Muhammad must be evaluated against the Bible, which preceded the book he was given—though later we will examine who gave it to him. If he aligns with the Bible, we would have no choice but to follow him and serve Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala! But if the Bible rejects him, then he is not a prophet or apostle of Jehovah God.

As for myself, Fred Nguli MWAMBA, who was once caught in the web of that faith, I asked myself many questions while conducting an investigation by comparing Islamic texts with Christian texts. However, I could not find the truth there, and by the grace of Jesus Christ, I was brought back once again to the true faith in Christ Jesus and His Christianity.

The undeniable truth is that the Holy Bible—which Muslims also use by manipulating it, and furthermore by using it to attack blinded Christians who think Muslims believe in it—has existed in the world for more than 2,000 years before the Holy Qur'an existed.

The Holy Bible states:

Exodus 20:1–3

“And God spoke all these words, saying: ‘I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me.’”

Here, God warned us early on through His servant, Prophet Moses, that we should avoid having other gods besides Him alone, whose name is Jehovah!

These words, similar to Matthew 7:15–20, were spoken by God before Muhammad existed, before the Qur’an existed, and before the four men who compiled/wrote the Qur’an existed: Sayyidna Umar, Uthman, Abu Bakr, and Ali.

What Does This Mean?

Just as Almighty God has His servants, such as apostles and prophets, false gods can likewise have their own apostles and prophets.

According to Matthew 7:15–20, Jesus Christ gives us a sign to recognize false prophets, saying in verse 16: “You will know them by their fruits.”

Let us look at another scripture to see how we can test them:

1 John 4:1–3, 15

“Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God, and every spirit that does not confess that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God. And this is the spirit of the Anti-Christ, which you have heard was coming, and is now already in the world.”

Verse 15: “Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God.”

This is the standard we use to test apostles and prophets!

Matthew 7:15–20

“Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes from thornbushes or figs from thistles? Even so, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. Therefore by their fruits you will know them.”

Based on the warnings God has given us in these two scriptures above:

“I compare Muhammad to a tree; if his fruits are good, I will have no argument and will follow him, but if his fruits contradict these standards, I will count him as a false prophet.”

What Do the Qur'an, Allah, and Muhammad Say?

Qur'an 112 (Surah Al-Ikhlas):

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIFUL

Say: He is Allah, [who is] One.

Allah, the Eternal Refuge.

He neither begets nor is born,

Nor is there to Him any equivalent.

Qur'an 19 (Surah Maryam: 35):

It is not befitting for Allah to take a son; exalted is He! When He decrees an affair, He only says to it, "Be," and it is.

This is a different god from the God of heaven whose name is Jehovah! When compared to the scriptures in Matthew and 1 John, the truth is clear that this does not come from God and is Anti-Christ!

What does the Bible say?

1 John 2:22–26

“Who is a liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? He is antichrist who denies the Father and the Son. Whoever denies the Son does not have the Father; he who acknowledges the Son has the Father also. Therefore let that abide in you which you heard from the beginning. If what you heard from the beginning abides in you, you also will abide in the Son and in the Father. And this is the promise that He has promised us—eternal life. These things I have written to you concerning those who try to deceive you.”

Colossians 1:13–15

“He has delivered us from the power of darkness and conveyed us into the kingdom of the Son of His love, in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins. He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation.”

John 3:16–17

“For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.”

Therefore, we Christians have more than 100 reasons why we do not recognize the prophet Muhammad, his religion, or his god—reasons which, God willing, we will make public directly.

However, we cannot fail to mention this key point:

From Surah Al-Fatihah to Surah An-Nas, the writings of the Holy Qur'an oppose Jehovah, the God of Israel.

ORIGIN AND LINEAGE OF MUHAMMAD’S PROPHETHOOD

First of all, we all know that every child takes the tribe, language, and culture of their father, not their mother. There is no doubt about that.

Abraham, the father of Isaac and Ishmael, was an Aramean/Kurdish Arab before being called by God, and later God, creator of all, changed him and his offspring to Hebrews.

Genesis 12:1–3

“Now the Lord had said to Abram: ‘Get out of your country, from your family and from your father’s house, to a land that I will show you. I will make you a great nation; I will bless you and make your name great; and you shall be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.’”

However, Muhammad, the Qur'an, and his followers insist that Muhammad is from the lineage of Abraham, even though Abraham was no longer an Arab!

In the book The Life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), we are assured that Muhammad was an Arab from the Quraysh tribe.

RECEIVING THE PROPHETHOOD

When investigating the history of Muhammad, at the age of 12, he traveled with his uncle Abu Talib to Syria on a business trip. Along the way, they met a Christian monk named Bahira, who made a prophecy about Muhammad with these words:

“O Abu Talib; take good care of this child, for I see signs of greatness in him for his future days, and he will have the task of serving God.”

(From the book "Life of Prophet Muhammad", page 4).

The question is: when did a Christian prophet predict Islam? The answer is never, because a word of prophecy from God can never predict a faith contrary to God and Christ, His only begotten Son!

Proverbs 8:7–9

“For my mouth will speak truth; wickedness is an abomination to my lips. All the words of my mouth are with righteousness; nothing crooked or perverse is in them. They are all plain to him who understands, and right to those who find knowledge.”

2 Peter 1:20–21

“Knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.”

Titus 1:2

“In hope of eternal life which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began, but has in due time manifested His word through preaching, which was committed to me according to the commandment of God our Savior.”

Thus, it is clear that this monk had an important message that one day Muhammad might serve Jesus Christ and Christianity. Unfortunately, Satan altered the direction of this poor man later during his calling.

The cave of Hira, north of Mecca, was where Muhammad used to go to worship. But who was he worshipping? Please read his call to prophethood below.

This is proof that Muhammad was not given prophethood by the God of Israel. Reading page 12 of the book about his senior wives and children, these words are repeated:

“So the Prophet became afraid and returned to his wife. He told her what happened, and immediately a high fever came upon him. He asked to be covered with garments, trembling severely, hallucinating, and saying: ‘I fear for myself that evil spirits/devils are playing with me, ruining my mind, and bewitching me!’”

It was in the Cave of Hira that Muslims and the Qur'an claim he received the revelation (Wahyi) of the Qur'an, apostleship, and prophethood.

Yet we see and hear the words of the prophet himself testifying to what he encountered in the cave, which was demonic, because the Holy Bible testifies:

1 John 1:3

“That which we have seen and heard we declare to you, that you also may have fellowship with us; and truly our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ.”

The truth is that the devil who encountered poor Muhammad in the cave gave him neither apostleship nor prophethood. Rather, it was his wife Khadijah and Waraqah ibn Nawfal who advised Muhammad to declare himself a prophet to his people.

It should be remembered that this happened at a time when Islam and the Qur'an did not yet exist. The history of the prophet's life recognizes Waraqah ibn Nawfal as a man who did not worship the idols of his fellow Arabs. But who was he to give permission to someone like Muhammad to claim prophethood? There are many doubts here.

What about Khadijah?

A widow whose previous two husbands had died and who took Muhammad as her third husband—she was the first to enter the false faith of Islam. But let us ask this question: “How can a person who is still an unbeliever grant prophethood to another before knowing or believing the message of that prophet?” The answer points to extreme foolishness.

Let us see what the Qur'an says regarding being granted prophethood or revelation:

Qur'an 7:144 (Surah Al-A'raf):

[Allah] said, "O Moses, I have chosen you over the people with My messages and My words. So take what I have given you and be among the grateful."

Why did Allah not do the exact same for Muhammad (PBUH) in the Cave of Hira?

The issue of Muhammad being a prophet in the texts of the Qur'an and Hadiths is not the main point; our core question is: “Who gave him that apostleship?”

Let us examine this verse from the Qur'an:

Qur'an 13:43 (Surah Ar-Ra'd):

And those who have disbelieved say, "You are not a messenger." Say, "Sufficient is Allah as a witness between me and you, and whoever has knowledge of the Scripture."

The one commanding Muhammad to speak is ALLAH.

The one claimed to be the witness between ALLAH and Muslims is Almighty God.

The one claimed to have knowledge of the book is Gabriel (Jibril).

It is clear that the Allah of Islam is distinct from Almighty God because he cites Almighty God as a witness between himself and his followers. What does Almighty God say about other gods?

Isaiah 42:8

“I am the Lord, that is My name; and My glory I will not give to another, nor My praise to carved images.”

Isaiah 48:11

“For My own sake, for My own sake, I will do it; for how should My name be profaned? And I will not give My glory to another.”

Deuteronomy 18:18–20

“I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him. But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet shall die.”

Islam and the Qur'an claim that the prophet foretold by Moses was Muhammad (PBUH). However, as examined, it was not Muhammad, but Jesus who was to be the Messiah and Christ of the whole world!

COMPARISON: ALLAH & MUHAMMAD VS. JEHOVAH & JESUS CHRIST

Feature	Allah (S.W.) & Muhammad (S.A.W.)	Jehovah God & Jesus Christ
God's Name	A god without a single specific name: Qur'an 17:110 (Surah Al-Isra): Say, "Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful (Ar-Rahman). Whichever [name] you call - to Him belong the best names..."	A known God: Exodus 6:2–3: And God spoke to Moses and said to him: "I am the LORD [JEHOVAH]. I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, but by My name LORD [JEHOVAH] I was not known to them."
Attitude Toward Enemies	Their god considers Jews and Christians as enemies: Qur'an 5:51: O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them...	Our God is merciful and we have no enemies: Matthew 5:43–44: “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you...”
Fate of Followers	All followers of Allah await Hellfire before Muslims are saved later: Qur'an 19:70–72: Then We surely know best those who are most worthy of being burned therein. And there is none of you except he will come to it [Hell]. This is upon your Lord an inevitability decreed. Then We will save those who feared Allah...	For us Christians, it is different: Psalm 9:17: The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God. Luke 16:23–25: (Account of the rich man and Lazarus showing comfort for the righteous and torment for the wicked).
God's Presence in Hell	Their Allah will step into Hell: Qur'an 50:30: On the Day We will say to Hell, "Are you filled?" and it will say, "Are there some more?" (Narrated by Anas: The prophet said people will be thrown into Hell, and Allah will ask if it is full until Allah puts his foot in it, and Hell will say "Enough! Enough!")	The reward of Christians is eternal life: John 14:1–4: “Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Father’s house are many mansions... I go to prepare a place for you...”

These are just a few reasons out of more than 100 demonstrating that Muhammad took up prophethood on his own through the advice of his wife Khadijah and Waraqah ibn Nawfal.

Contradictions / Doubts in the Qur'an

1. Inaccessble Verses: In Surah 3:7 (Surah Ali 'Imran), the Qur'an states that there are verses in the Qur'an whose hidden meanings no human can interpret except Allah.

2. Conflicting Prayer Times: In Surah 11:114, 17:78–79, 20:130, and 30:17–18, Allah states that every Muslim is required to pray three times a day. However, in the Hadiths, Allah commands Muslims to pray five times a day. Does Allah lack a consistent decision?

3. Scientific Error: In Surah 18:86, the Qur'an claims that the sun sets in a muddy spring on earth. Is this true? How could Almighty God make such an error? (Compare with the creation account in Genesis 1 & 2).

4. Abrogation of Verses: In Surah 2:106 and 16:101, Allah states that he changes or abrogates verses to replace them with better ones. Is God a man that he should alter his word?

   Isaiah 40:8: “The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God stands forever.”

We have more reasons that we will make public in upcoming editions to help you, as a Muslim, reach full salvation in Christ Jesus our Lord and Savior.

We conclude this edition asking you, in the love of Christ, to flee from false worship and run to Jesus Christ to receive eternal life.

Acts 4:11–12

“This is the ‘stone which was rejected by you builders, which has become the chief cornerstone.’ Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”

MAY YOU ALL BE BLESSED

Your brother in Christ,

By Dr. Maxwell Shimba from Shimba Theological Institute.

JESUS IS GOD Unique Attributes of God in the Bible and the Quran

 

Comparative Theological Study: The Divinity of Jesus Christ in Light of Biblical and Quranic Texts

Author: Dr. Maxwell Shimba

Institution: Shimba Theological Institute

Course Overview & Objectives

This teaching document examines the theological thesis that Jesus Christ possesses exclusive divine attributes, drawing comparative evidence from Biblical scriptures, Quranic verses, and Islamic Hadith traditions.

By analyzing sacred texts through a chronological and comparative lens, this study explores two primary divine attributes attributed to Jesus:

1. The Divine Title: King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)
   
   
2. The Divine Function: The Ultimate Judge of All Creation
   
   
   
   

Section I: The Divine Title — King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)

1. The Quranic Recognition of Kingship as God's Attribute

In Islamic theology, supreme kingship (Al-Malik) is recognized as an exclusive attribute belonging strictly to God.

Quran 59:23

"He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign [King], the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him."

2. The Biblical Pre-existence of Jesus as the King of Kings

Centuries prior to the compilation of the Quran (which arrived over 632 years later), the New Testament explicitly ascribed the title King of Kings to Jesus Christ.

Revelation 17:14

"These will make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are called, chosen, and faithful."

Revelation 19:11, 16

"Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. And He who sat on him was called Faithful and True... And He has on His robe and on His thigh a name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS."

(See also 1 Timothy 6:15)

Key Theological Point:

• Chronological Primacy: The Biblical record establishes Jesus as the King of Kings over six centuries before the Islamic era.
  
  
• Attribute Ownership: Because supreme kingship is a unique divine attribute acknowledged across both traditions, Scripture confirms that Jesus inherently possesses the divine status of God.
  
  

Section II: The Hadith Warning Against the Title Malik Al-Amlak

Islamic Hadith collections highlight the high gravity of the title Malik Al-Amlak (King of Kings).

Primary Textual Evidence:

Sahih Al-Bukhari (Volume 8, Book 73, Hadith 224–225)

• Hadith 224: The Prophet of Allah said, "The most awful name in Allah's sight on the Day of Resurrection will be that of a man who calls himself Malik Al-Amlak (King of Kings)."
  
  
  
  
• Hadith 225: The Prophet said: "The most awful name in Allah's sight..." Sufyan said more than once, "The most terrible name in the sight of Allah is (the name of) a man who calls himself King of Kings." Sufyan added, "Others say that the translation of 'King of Kings' is 'Shahan Shah.'"
  
  
  
  

Analysis for Discussion:

• The Hadith underlines that no standard human can claim the title King of Kings without committing severe transgression before God.
  
  
• Yet, Biblical revelation assigns this title directly to Jesus Christ in His divine authority.
  
  

Section III: The Divine Office — The Ultimate Judge of Humanity

In monotheistic theology, the authority to judge all human souls at the end of time belongs exclusively to God. However, Scripture explicitly assigns all judgment directly to Jesus Christ.

                 [ The Supreme Seat of Judgment ]
                                 |
           +---------------------+---------------------+
           |                                           |
    [ John 5:22 ]                             [ Matthew 25:31-41 ]
    "The Father judges no one,                Jesus sits upon the Heavenly
     but has committed ALL                    Throne, separating all nations
     judgment to the Son."                    into eternal life or fire.

1. Total Delegation of Divine Judgment

John 5:22

"For the Father judges no one, but has committed all judgment to the Son."

2. The Final Eschatological Judgment

Matthew 25:31–34, 41

"When the Son of Man [Jesus] comes in His glory, and all the holy angels with Him, then He will sit on the throne of His glory. All the nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate them one from another... Then the King will say to those on His right hand, 'Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world'... Then He will also say to those on the left hand, 'Depart from Me, you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels.'"

Summary Matrix

Divine Attribute / Function	Biblical Reference	Quranic / Hadith Reference	Theological Implication
Title: King of Kings (Malik Al-Amlak)	Revelation 17:14; 19:16	Quran 59:23; Sahih Al-Bukhari 8:73:224-225	Supreme sovereign power belongs to Jesus as God.
Function: Ultimate Judge of Nations	John 5:22; Matthew 25:31–41	Referenced across comparative eschatological studies	Only God holds authority over eternal damnation and salvation.

Conclusion

This comparative analysis by the Shimba Theological Institute demonstrates that attributes strictly reserved for God—namely supreme Kingship (King of Kings) and universal final Judgment—are fully possessed by Jesus Christ as revealed in Holy Scripture.