KNOW THE RELIGION OF ISLAM AND ITS ROOTS
Introduction
For many years, Muslims worldwide have urged Christians to abandon their faith and join Islam. Muslims claim that their religion is the true path before Almighty God and assert that all prophets were Muslims. They even claim that Jesus Himself was a Muslim and that Islam did not adopt or inherit any idolatrous, pagan, or ignorant practices. They argue that Islam is the purest religion. The crucial question is, is it true that Islam did not adopt any idolatrous, pagan, or ignorant practices? To understand this fully, follow this study written by my teacher Evangelist Kobelo and revised by me, Teacher Chaka.
Five Main Parts of the Study
-
Were all the prophets Muslims?
-
The meaning of the word "Islam."
-
Who brought the religion of Islam?
-
Did Islam adopt the practices of the Arabs from the Age of Ignorance?
-
The duty of a Christian after learning about Islam.
1. Were all the prophets Muslims?
A major argument by Muslims is urging Christians to accept Islam by claiming that all of God’s prophets were Muslims. However, it is important first to examine Islamic books about the arrival of the Quran and what it teaches. Who brought this religion? According to the Quran, as believed by Muslims, it states:
Quran 6:14 (Surah Al-An'am - The Cattle)
Say: "Indeed, I have been commanded to be the first among those who submit (to Allah)."
In this verse, we see that Muhammad was the first person commanded to submit to Islam.
It is also narrated that Muhammad (SAW) said, "We Muslims are the last to come." This is found in Sahih Al-Bukhari vol. ix Hadith no. 587.
Muhammad also told his followers to follow the ways of those who came before them, saying, "Country by country, step by step, even if they entered a lizard’s hole." His companions asked, "The Jews and the Christians?" He replied, "Who else?" This is found in Sahih Muslim vol. iv in Al-Ilm, Hadith no. 6448. From this response by Muhammad (SAW), it is clear that the religion of Islam was preceded by our Christian faith and even the Jewish religion.
Prophets of Jehovah God followed this religion (way).
When we read the Holy Scriptures, the Bible teaches us that the prophets were led by this:
1 Peter 1:10-11
Concerning this salvation, the prophets, who spoke of the grace that was to come to you, searched intently and with the greatest care, trying to find out the time and circumstances to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing.
1 Corinthians 10:1-4
For I do not want you to be ignorant of the fact, brothers and sisters, that our ancestors were all under the cloud and that they all passed through the sea. They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. They all ate the same spiritual food and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ.
In these verses, we see clearly that all the prophets were led by the Spirit of Christ Jesus, who was within them. Moses and his people were also followed by Christ, who fed and gave them drink. They were all led by the Lord Jesus, who Himself called them "people of Christ." See Mark 9:38-41. This is because the Lord Jesus is our leader. See Matthew 23:9. Furthermore, Jesus is the way (religion), the truth, and the life (John 14:6). Thus, all the prophets were people of Christ because His Spirit was within them, leading them.
2. The Meaning of the Word Islam
The word Islam is Arabic and means "Submission" or "Peace." In the Quran, the word Islam is mentioned 38 times. Although the word Islam is mentioned frequently, it is different from the religion of Islam. This is because the religion of Islam means submission under the commands of Allah or peace under Allah’s laws. According to the Quran, as believed by Muslims, it states concerning Muhammad (SAW):
Quran 6:163 (Surah Al-An'am - The Cattle)
"And I am commanded to be the first of those who submit (to Allah)."
Quran 39:12 (Surah Az-Zumar - The Troops)
"And I am commanded to be the first of those who submit (to Allah)."
3. Who Brought the Religion of Islam?
When we read the explanation of verses 19-20 in Surah Yusuf found in the Swahili translation of the Quran, Juzuu 12, 3rd edition, page 311, it explains who brought the religion of Islam to this world. The words are:
"First of all, more than 4,000 years before the advent of the religion of Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad, they used to call Islam the religion that came to sell people."
According to this explanation in the Quran, the testimonies of the famous books of hadith by Muhammad in Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, and various books written by Islamic scholars, it is clear that the religion of Islam was brought and established by Muhammad (SAW). A good example of the beginning of the religion of Islam is found in the book titled "The Life of Prophet Muhammad (SAW)" written by the former Chief Kadhi of Zanzibar and later Kenya, the late Sheikh Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsy. On page 18, it describes Muhammad’s wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid:
"He returned to his wife Lady Khadija and narrated the incident to her. She believed him immediately, becoming the first person to bear witness to the testimony of Islam. Thus, the first Muslim was a woman."
In the same book, "The Life of Prophet Muhammad," on page 18, section C, the first Muslims are mentioned:
(i) The First Muslim
Lady Khadija bint Khuwaylid
The Prophet was commanded to teach the religion on a Monday, and Lady Khadija accepted Islam that same day, performing prayers with the Prophet that very night before anyone else in the world. She is truly fortunate.
(ii) The Second Muslim
Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib bin Abdul Muttalib
He saw the Prophet and Lady Khadija performing prayers that night and asked, "What is this worship?" The Prophet explained and invited him to join, but he initially refused, saying he needed to consult his father. The Prophet forbade him from disclosing the secret. The next morning, the young man returned to the Prophet and declared that he would join them, becoming the second Muslim in the world. He was about 10 years old when he embraced Islam.
(iii) The Third and Fourth Muslims
Zayd bin Haritha Al-Ka'bi and Lady Ayman
A free man and the adopted son of the Prophet, Zayd bin Haritha lived with the Prophet and accepted Islam like Sayyidina Ali on Tuesday. He and his wife, Lady Umm Ayman, the nurse of the Prophet, embraced Islam together.
These were the earliest Muslims who embraced Islam immediately after Muhammad (SAW) brought the religion of Islam, which he officially established on Monday, the 17th day of Ramadan, equivalent to December 27, 610 AD. Before Muhammad, the religion of Islam did not exist in the world.
4. Did Islam Adopt the Practices of the Arabs from the Age of Ignorance?
During the Age of Ignorance, before the advent of Islam, the Quraysh tribe, which was Muhammad's tribe, and other Arabs worshipped many gods, about 360 in total. The practice of worshipping many gods is clearly described in the Quran and various Islamic books written by scholars. Some of these books include:
(i) Scholar Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi
In his book "Towards Understanding Islam," pages 42-44, he states: "In the Arabian Peninsula, where darkness prevailed, Arab traders traveled long distances and found it difficult to obtain even a shred of education. Those who could read and write worshipped stones, trees, idols, stars, and spirits; in short, anything that crossed their minds. They knew nothing about the teachings of the prophets who preceded them. They believed that Abraham and Ishmael were their ancestors, but they knew nothing about their religious teachings and the God they worshipped."
(ii) Sheikh Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsy, former Chief Kadhi of Zanzibar and later Kenya
In his book "The Life of Prophet Muhammad (SAW)," page 6, he states: "Even before the advent of Islam, Christian priests and Jewish rabbis living in the Arabian Peninsula used to warn their Arab neighbors who worshipped idols."
The Quran mentions various gods worshipped by the Quraysh and other Arabs during the Age of Ignorance:
(i) Worship of idols
Quran 25:43-44 (Surah Al-Furqan - The Criterion)
"Have you seen the one who takes his own desires as his god? Would you then be a guardian over him? Or do you think that most of them hear or understand? They are like cattle; no, they are even farther astray from the path."
The explanation of verse 43 in Juzuu 19 of the Quran states: "The Arabs, in their ignorance, worshipped a multitude of gods. Some of them would worship anything that pleased them, even a cake that looked appealing."
Here, we see that the Quran openly describes the Arabs worshipping even a cake and calls them ignorant "Jahili."
(ii) Worship of stone idols
Quran 71:22-23 (Surah Nuh - Noah)
"And they have plotted a mighty plot. And they said (to their followers): 'Do not abandon your gods; do not abandon Wadd, nor Suwa', nor Yaghuth, nor Ya'uq, nor Nasr (names of their idols)."
These are false stone idols worshipped by the Arabs. The god Wadd had the form of a woman, Yaghuth the form of a lion, and Ya'uq the form of a horse. These details are found in the book "History of Islam" written by Prof. Masudul Hassan, page 43.
(iii) Worship of the gods Lat, Uzza, and Manat
Quran 53:18-20, 23 (Surah An-Najm - The Star)
"Indeed, he (Muhammad) saw of the greatest signs of his Lord. Have you then considered Lat and Uzza, and another, the third (goddess), Manat? What! For you the males and for Him the females?"
(iv) Worship of Allah by the Jahili Arabs
The Quraysh and their fellow Arabs, who worshipped many gods, including 360 idols, also worshipped Allah as the chief god. They believed that Lat, Uzza, and Manat were the female deities or daughters of Allah. This is confirmed in the explanation of verse 180 in Surah Al-A'raf and the book "History of Islam" written by Prof. Masudul Hassan, page 43.
Evidence of the worship of Allah by the Jahili Arabs:
(i) Birth of Muhammad (SAW)
The prayers and supplications of Abdul Muttalib to Allah.
When we read the book "The Life of Muhammad (SAW)" written by Sheikh Farsy, page 5, it states: "When the Prophet was born at dawn, his grandfather was called to see his grandson. He was very happy and wrapped the newborn in clothes, carrying him to the Kaaba. He opened the door, entered, and stood praying and supplicating with beautiful Arabic poetry that he composed at that moment. Then he returned with the baby before the sun had risen."
Another clear evidence showing that Muhammad's father, Abdul Muttalib, prayed to Allah can be found in the introduction to Surah Al-Fil in Juzuu 30, page 946 of the Swahili translation of the Quran, which reads: "The chief of Mecca at that time was Abdul Muttalib. He went to the Kaaba with some Quraysh chiefs, held the iron latch of the Kaaba's door, and asked Allah (SWT) to protect His house and its servants. At that time, there were 360 idols inside and around the Kaaba."
(v) The beliefs of Abdul Muttalib
In a book written by a renowned Islamic scholar named Al-Muhsin Barwani, page 153, it states: "There was no Arab given that name by his grandfather from birth, and that grandfather was not a Christian but followed pagan customs. He did not know the Torah or the Gospel."
(vi) Muhammad's encouragement to the Quraysh about the god called Allah
In the book "The Truthful Faithful" written by Sheikh Said Moosa Muhammad Al-Kindy, volumes 1 and 2, 10th edition, page 130, it states: "Before receiving prophethood, the Prophet (SAW) used to tell people, 'O people, say Laa ilaha illa Allah, you will succeed.'"
This is clear evidence that Allah was worshipped by the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs, who were polytheists, pagans, and ignorant. Remember, Muhammad was a Quraysh, and when he said, "There is no god but Allah," he was in the Age of Ignorance and did not know the book or faith (Quran 42:52 Surah Ash-Shura).
(vii) The god worshipped by Muslims - what is His name?
Quran 17:110 (Surah Al-Isra - The Night Journey)
Say, "Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful. Whichever (name) you call - to Him belong the best names." And do not recite too loudly in your prayer or too quietly but seek a way between.
In this verse, we see that the god worshipped by Muslims is called Allah. In the Quran, this name is mentioned 2,866 times. Remember, the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs worshipped this god called Allah. The crucial question is, did the Muslims not inherit the god of the Quraysh? Reflect on this carefully.
(viii) The main city of the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs during the Age of Ignorance where they used to go for pilgrimage is this:
When we read the introduction to Surah Quraysh in Juzuu 30, pages 950-951 of the Swahili translation of the Quran, it states: "The Quraysh tribe was scattered throughout Hijaz until the time of Qusayy bin Kilab, one of the ancestors of the Prophet (SAW). First of all, Qusayy gathered the Quraysh together in Mecca, making the tribe the custodians of the Kaaba. Because of this, Qusayy was called 'the gatherer of people.' He established a government in Mecca and arranged provisions for pilgrims coming from all over Arabia. As a result, the Quraysh gained great fame among the Arab tribes."
Here, we see that during the Age of Ignorance and paganism, before the advent of Islam, all the Arabs went for pilgrimage in the city of Mecca to the Kaaba, known as "Baitullah" or the House of Allah. Remember, this same house was where the pagan Arabs worshipped 360 idols, and Allah was their chief god.
The main city for Muslim pilgrimage is this:
Quran 3:96 (Surah Al-Imran - The Family of Imran)
Indeed, the first House (of worship) established for mankind was that at Mecca - blessed and a guidance for the worlds.
Quran 22:27-29 (Surah Al-Hajj - The Pilgrimage)
And proclaim to the people the Hajj (pilgrimage); they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass - That they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them of (sacrificial) animals. So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor. Then let them end their untidiness and fulfill their vows and perform Tawaf around the ancient House (the Kaaba).
When we read the explanation of verse 29 in Juzuu 17 of the Quran, it states: "Before Islam, the Arabs highly respected the Kaaba. It was an ancient building, so they called it Al-Baytul 'Atiq, meaning the ancient house."
Just as the pagan Arabs had Mecca as their main pilgrimage city, so do Muslims. Moreover, the Quran describes Mecca as the mother of cities (Quran 6:92 Surah Al-An'am). Muslims worldwide are instructed to face a specific direction during their prayers:
Quran 7:29 (Surah Al-A'raf)
Say: My Lord has commanded justice, and that you should stand upright before Him at every place of worship...
Where is this place to face during prayers?
Quran 27:91 (Surah An-Naml - The Ant)
Indeed, I have been commanded to worship the Lord of this city (Mecca), who made it sacred...
According to these verses, the Quran describes that the Lord of this city (Mecca) is Allah, who was worshipped by the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs during the Age of Ignorance.
In their worship, Muslims face towards the Kaaba in Mecca:
Quran 2:144-150
The Lord of Mecca is Allah, who was worshipped by the pagan Arabs during the Age of Ignorance, and He is the same one worshipped by Muslims.
(ix) Circling the Kaaba naked during worship:
Before the advent of Islam, the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs used to circle the Kaaba, "Baitullah," naked. This is described in the book "The Life of Muhammad," page 4, written by Sheikh Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsy, who was the Chief Kadhi of Zanzibar and later of Kenya. Not only Farsy wrote about this, but also the renowned scholar Abul A'la Maududi in his book "Towards Understanding Islam," page 43, described the Arabs as follows: Their lives were wild, and their conduct was barbaric. They celebrated fornication, gambling, and drunkenness. Robbery and seizing women by force were their habits. They could stand naked in front of their peers without feeling shame or disgrace. Even their women would circle the Kaaba naked. They killed their daughters to protect their honor and married their stepmothers after their fathers died. They were ignorant even about basic matters like eating, dressing, and washing. Regarding their religious beliefs, they were afflicted with the same disease of wickedness that was spreading worldwide.
Remember, Allah was the god worshipped by these Arabs, and their house of worship was the Kaaba. Surprisingly, scholar Abul A'la Maududi says that these Arabs were afflicted with the wickedness that was destroying the world. The question is, did circling the Kaaba and worshiping Allah lead to the world's destruction?
Do Muslims circle the Kaaba during their pilgrimage?
Before we learn about what Muslims do at the Kaaba, we need to know what the Kaaba is like. The word Kaaba is Arabic, meaning a cube-shaped structure. The Kaaba is a building with a length of 12 meters, a width of 10 meters, and a height of 15 meters. This building is in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The building is covered with black curtains embroidered with Quranic verses in Arabic using real gold thread. In the eastern corner of the Kaaba, there is a black stone known in Arabic as "Hajar al-Aswad."
The Quran instructs Muslims to perform their pilgrimage rituals at the Kaaba:
(i) Circling the Kaaba:
Quran 22:29 (Surah Al-Hajj - The Pilgrimage)
"Then let them remove their untidiness and fulfill their vows and circumambulate the ancient House (the Kaaba)."
According to this verse, Allah instructs Muslims to circle the Kaaba. Earlier, we saw that the pagan Arabs circled the Kaaba naked. How do Muslims circle the Kaaba?
In the book "How to Perform Hajj," written by scholar A. Suleimani, page 16, it states: "It is forbidden for a man in Ihram (pilgrimage clothes) to wear sewn clothes. Sewing here means for wearing, not for patching. An Ihram consists of two unstitched garments like sheets."
According to these instructions, during their pilgrimage, Muslims circle the Kaaba wearing unstitched garments called "Ihram," which are two white sheets.
(x) Worship involving touching, kissing, and revering the black stone "Hajar al-Aswad" in the Kaaba mosque in Mecca:
The Quraysh and their fellow Arabs before Islam highly respected the house of Allah, the Kaaba, and the black stone "Hajar al-Aswad." This reverence is mentioned in the book "The Life of Muhammad," page 15-16, written by Sheikh Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsy:
"Building of the Kaaba: When the Prophet was 35 years old, the Kaaba had large cracks and was about to collapse. The Quraysh decided to demolish and rebuild it. The Kaaba had no roof... But when it came to placing the black stone 'Hajar al-Aswad' in its place between the southern and eastern walls, they fought over who should place it. The dispute lasted for five days, awaiting a fight. Then, by good fortune, the Prophet entered, although he had not yet received prophethood. Everyone unanimously said, 'This is the trustworthy one, and we all agree.' The Prophet took the stone and placed it in his cloak. He called each tribe leader to hold the cloak, and together they carried it to its place. The Prophet then placed the stone with his hands, to everyone's satisfaction."
This evidence shows that the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs before Islam highly respected the Kaaba and the black stone inside it, where they circled it naked. Even Muhammad participated in this, as he placed the stone himself, with the agreement of the Quraysh. The crucial question is, did Muslims not inherit these rituals of ignorance? Continue...
Do Muslims perform the worship of touching, kissing, and revering the black stone "Hajar al-Aswad"?
When we read various Islamic books, we see how Muslims perform the ritual of revering the black stone in the main mosque of Mecca known as the Kaaba or "Baitullah" - the House of Allah. Some of these books include:
**In the book "The Truthful Faithful," written by Sheikh Said Moosa Muhammad Al-Kindy, volumes 1 and 2, 10th edition, page 75, it states: "The Prophet (SAW) said: 'The black stone is from Paradise. Whoever touches it, his sins are forgiven.'"
In the book "How to Perform Hajj," written by A. Suleiman, pages 29-30, it states: "Before starting to circle the Kaaba, it is recommended to first go to the black stone 'Hajar al-Aswad,' located in the Kaaba. Approach it as close as possible without harming others. Face the black stone, touch it, and kiss it three times, and touch your forehead to it three times. This is a Sunnah if there is no crowd. If you cannot reach it, gesture towards it with your hand. Then return to the black stone, touch it, kiss it three times, and touch your forehead to it three times as before. Then say 'Allahu Akbar' three times (while gesturing towards the black stone with both hands). Then add, 'O Allah, with faith in You, belief in Your Book, fulfillment of Your promise, and following the Sunnah of Your Prophet, peace be upon him.' After this, continue circling the entire Kaaba."
**Remember, the act of circling the Kaaba was done by the pagan Arabs during the Age of Ignorance before the advent of Islam. Now, Muslims also circle the Kaaba. The question is, did Muslims not inherit the rituals of the Age of Ignorance? Reflect on this.
What does our God Jehovah teach us about the worship of stones?
Leviticus 26:1
"Do not make idols or set up an image or a sacred stone for yourselves, and do not place a carved stone in your land to bow down before it. I am the Lord your God."
According to the teachings of our God Jehovah, whom Christians worship, it is a great sin to take a stone and bow down to it. Reflect on the actions of Muslims concerning the black stone "Hajar al-Aswad."
(xi) Worship involving circling the hills of Safa and Marwa in Mecca before Islam:
Quran 2:158 (Surah Al-Baqarah - The Cow)
"Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs Umrah, there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good, indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing."
The explanation of verse 158 states: "Among the acts of worship that are not valid except in Mecca are these: (a) Hajj and (b) Umrah. Both are almost identical except for a few differences. One of their differences is that Hajj can only be performed in specific months, and the last month of Hajj is the first ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah. Other than that, both involve: (1) Circling the Kaaba seven times, (2) Running seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa, (3) Shaving or cutting the hair. The hills had idols placed on them, and the pagans worshipped them. When Islam came, some Muslims thought it was inappropriate to perform worship at these hills. They were told it was not wrong."
The details of this explanation are similar to those in Sahih Al-Bukhari vol. ii, pages 415-416, Hadith no. 710, where Asim asked Anas bin Malik (A.S.) if they used to dislike performing Tawaf (circumambulation) between Safa and Marwa. He replied, "Yes, because it was a custom during the Age of Ignorance before the advent of Islam." It is also narrated that Muhammad performed Tawaf of the Kaaba and Sa'i between Safa and Marwa to demonstrate his strength over Safa and Marwa. This is mentioned in Sahih Al-Bukhari vol. ii Hadith no. 711. The surprising thing is that this ritual was performed by pagans during the Age of Ignorance, and Muslims also circle the hills. Furthermore, it is astonishing to see Allah, the god worshipped by Muslims, calling these hills symbols of Allah. This is strange to see hills called that.
What does the Lord Jesus teach us about the worship of hills?
John 4:19-22
"The woman said to him, 'Sir, I perceive that you are a prophet. Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in Jerusalem is the place where people ought to worship.' Jesus said to her, 'Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews.'"
In these verses, the Lord Jesus tells us that those who worship on the mountain do not know what they are worshiping. Reflect on the worship of Muslims at the hills, do they know what they are worshiping?
(xii) The month of Ramadan:
When we read the book "The Life of Muhammad," page 32, written by Sheikh Farsy, we see that the months used by the Arabs before Islam are the same ones used by Muslims. The book states: "Mecca, since before Islam, was a sacred place for all Arabs. Every year they would come to make pilgrimage in these same months that Muslims now use for their pilgrimage."
The Arabs were pagans and polytheists, and they had the month of Ramadan, which Muslims believe was the month Muhammad received prophethood. See "The Life of Muhammad," pages 16-17.
The worship of fasting in the month of Ramadan for Muslims:
Quran 2:183 (Surah Al-Baqarah - The Cow)
"O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous."
It is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari vol. ii Hadith 662, vol. iii Hadith no. 219 and 220, and vol. vi Hadith no. 31 that Muhammad commanded Muslims to fast on the day of Ashura, the tenth day of the first month in the Islamic year, called Muharram. Fasting before Islam was a custom in the religion of Hums, and Islam adopted it.
(xiii) Stoning Satan in the valley of Wadi Muhassir:
Among the significant rituals performed by Muslims during their pilgrimage in Mecca is stoning Satan. The book "How to Perform Hajj," pages 54, 55, 61, states: "Pilgrims, upon reaching the valley called Wadi Muhassir near Mina, it is Sunnah to hurry. They proceed to Jamrat al-Aqaba (the big Satan) and throw seven stones they collected in Muzdalifah. After stoning Jamrat al-Aqaba, it is followed by slaughtering."
For us Christians, we know Satan is a spirit of rebellion (Ephesians 2:1-5) and a spirit of deceit (1 Timothy 4:1-2). Therefore, you cannot defeat Satan by throwing stones at him because he is a spirit. A spirit is wind or breath. The Bible teaches us that we defeat Satan through the correct faith in God, holding onto the word of God, fasting, and prayer. Thus, we will overcome Satan (Ephesians 6:11-18).
5. The Duty of a Christian After Knowing About Islam
I believe you have learned a lot about the religion of Islam and have seen many things done by Muslims in Mecca during their pilgrimage. Those practices were performed by the Quraysh and their fellow Arabs before the advent of Islam, and again you have seen that the God we worship as Christians does not want worship involving stones and hills. Therefore, your duty as a Christian is to share the Gospel with Muslims and people of other religions that do not believe in the Lord Jesus so that they may believe and be saved. Remember, the Gospel is the power of God that brings salvation (Romans 1:16). Additionally, the Gospel is the word of truth (Colossians 1:5). God bless you greatly. This is me, in the service of the Lord Jesus, Teacher;
Dr. Max Shimba for Max Shimba Ministries Org
