Saturday, May 8, 2021

KALENDA YA KIYAHUDI


Kalenda ya Kiyahudi (pia: Kalenda yaKiebrania) ni kalenda inayotumiwa katika dini ya Uyahudi na pia nchini Israel. Inatumiwa kupanga tarehe za sikukuu za Kiyahudi na utaratibu wa kusoma Torati kwa kila wiki.

Liturgia na sala hufuata pia mpangilio wa kalenda hiyo.

Kanuni za msingi

Kalenda ya Kiebrania ni kalenda jua-mwezi.

  • Hii inasababisha ulazima wa kupatanisha tofauti kati ya muda wa mwaka wa Jua (siku 365) na muda wa mwaka wa Mwezi (takriban siku 354).
  • Hapo kalenda ya Kiebrania inaongeza mwezi wa nyongeza mara saba katika kila kipindi cha miaka 19. Kwa hiyo kuna miaka ya kawaida yenye siku 354 na miezi 12. Lakini kila mwaka wa pili au tatu ni mwaka mrefu wenye miezi 13 na siku 384.
  • Utaratibu huo unahakikisha tarehe ya Pasaka kubaki katika majira ya machipuo ya kaskaziniWastani wa muda wa mwaka katika kipindi cha miaka 19 ni siku 365.

Juma

Nje ya kalenda hiyo kuna utaratibu wa wiki yasiku saba zinazoendelea mfululizo, sawa na kalenda ya kimataifa. Hutumiwa kubaini siku ya Shabbat, ambayo ni siku ya kupumzika. Wiki haitegemei mwaka wa jua wala wa mwezi. Badala yake, inategemea hesabu ya siku saba ambazo zinaaminika kurudi nyakati za zamani za Babeli na kutajwa katika masimulizi ya kuumbwa kwa Dunia katika Biblia.

Siku za juma la Kiyahudi

Siku ya juma 
(Kiebrania)
TafsiriSiku inaanza kutoka kuzama kwa JuaSiku inaendelea mpaka kuzama kwa jua
יום ראשון 
yom rishon
siku ya kwanzaJumamosiJumapili
יום שני
yom sheni
siku ya piliJumapiliJumatatu
יום שלישי
yom shelishi
siku ya tatuJumatatuJumanne
יום רביעי
yom revi'i
siku ya nneJumanneJumatano
יום חמישי
yom hamishi
siku ya tanoJumatanoAlhamisi
יום ששי
yom shishi
siku ya sitaAlhamisiIjumaa
שבת
shabbat
Shabbat
(Sabato)
IjumaaJumamosi

Miezi

Mwezi 
namba
katika Biblia
Jina la mweziJina la mwezi 
kwa Kiebrania
Idadi
ya siku
Wakati wa mwakaMaelezo
1Nisanנִיסָן30Machi - ApriliMwezi wa Pasaka
2Iyarאִייָר29Aprili- Mei
3Sivanסִיוָן30Mei- JuniMwezi wa Shavuot
4Tammuzתַּמּוּז29Juni- Julai
5Avאָב30Julai- AgostiMwezi wa Tisha B'Av
6Elulאֱלוּל29Agosti- Septemba
7Tishreiתִּשְׁרֵי30Septemba- OktobaMwezi wa Rosh Hashanah, 
Yom Kippur na Sukkot
8Heshvan 
(au Marheshvan)
(מַרְ)חֶשְׁוָן29 au 30 [1]Oktoba - Novemba
9Kislevכִּסְלֵו30 au 29Novemba - DesembaMwezi wa Hanukkah
10Tevetכִּסְלֵו29Desemba- Januari
11Shevatשְׁבָט30Januari- Februari
12Adarאֲדָר29Februari-MachiKatika mwaka mrefu, mwezi wa 13 unaongezwa unaoitwa pia Adar, lakini inapewa namba; kwa hiyo katika mwaka mrefu kuna Adar I na Adar II

Siku na wiki

Katika kalenda ya Kiyahudi, siku inafafanuliwa kufuatana na Biblia ya Kiebrania[2] "Na ilikuwa jioni, na ilikuwa asubuhi, siku moja". Kwa sababu "jioni" inakuja kabla ya "asubuhi", siku katika kalenda ya Kiyahudi huanza jioni baada ya machweo . Ni muhimu kuhakikisha kuwa siku iliyopita imekwisha kabisa, hivyo siku mpya huanza wakati wa usiku umeanza. [3]

Katika kalenda zinazochapishwa, tofauti hii haionekani maana hapa tarehe za kalenda ya Kiyahudi na tarehe za Kalenda ya Gregorizinazoanza usiku wa manane huonyeshwa kandokando. Ineleweka kuwa watu wanaotumia kalenda hizi wanajua utaratibu wa kuanza siku baada ya machweo. Wakati wowote sikukuu, siku ya kuzaliwa au ya kumbukumbu ikionekana kwenye kalenda iliyochapishwa, kwa kweli huanza jioni iliyotangulia, baada ya machweo.

Molad

Hesabu ya kalenda ya Kiebrania mwaka na mwezi huanza na molad inayomaanisha hilaliMolad ni neno la Kiebrania linalomaanisha "kuzaliwa". Neno hilo linamaanisha "kuzaliwa" kwa mwezi mpya kila mwezi. Kalenda ya kisasa ya Kiebrania hutumia molad iliyohesabiwa: urefu wa wastani wa muda kutoka mwezi mpya hadi mwezi mpya. Urefu wa Molad ni siku 29, masaa 12, dakika 44, sekunde 3 na nusu. [4]

Tanbihi

  1.  Idadi inaweza kubadilika katika miaka kadhaa
  2.  Genesis 1:5
  3.  The Jewish Day. Chabad.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 May 2016.
  4.  Bromberg. Moon and the Molad of the Hebrew Calendar. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 May 2016.

Marejeo

  • Msimbo wa Maimonides (Mishneh Torah), Kitabu cha Tatu, Tolea Nane: Utakaso wa Mwezi Mpya . Ilitafsiriwa na Solomon Gandz. Yale Judaica Series Vol XI, Press University University of Yale, New Haven, Conn., 1956.
  • Bonnie Blackburn na Leofranc Holford-Strevens. Mpenzi wa Oxford kwa Mwaka: Uchunguzi wa Forodha ya Kalenda na Uhesabuji wa wakati . Vyombo vya Habari vya Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford; USA, 2000. pp 723-730.

Friday, May 7, 2021

Muhammad performed prayers with his shoes on

 Muhammad sometimes performed the prayers with his shoes on. The base of the mosque was not covered with carpets at that time, but it was of stone and soil. So, there is no need to take the shoes off while performing the prayers on soil ground. If shoes have any dirt on them, it should be removed before the prayer. Following narrations are evidence for this:

Narrated from Abu Maslamah: I asked Anas ibn Malik “Did the messenger perform any prayers while his shoes on?” Anas said “Yes”. (Bukhari, Prayers, 24; Tirmidhi, Prayers, 181)

Tirmidhi wrote down after this narration: “Scholars practice with this hadith”.

Abdullah ibn Masud said: We have certainly seen the messenger performing prayers with his shoes on. (Abu Dawud, Prayers, 88; Ibn Majah, Performing Prayers, 66)

Abu Said al-Hudri said: The messenger took off his shoes and put them aside before he performed a prayer with his friends. The ones who saw this also took off their shoes. When the messenger finished the prayer, he asked “Why did you take off your shoes?” They said “We took them off because you did so.” The messenger said “Gabriel informed me that there was dirt on my shoes.” He continued “When you come into a mosque, check your shoes and clean it if there is any dirt. Then perform the prayers with your shoes on.” (Abu Dawud, Prayers, 88)

Shaddad ibn Aws narrated from his father: The messenger said “Make opposition to the Jews. They do not perform the prayers with their shoes on. You do so.” (Abu Dawud, Prayers, 88)

The statements like “You do so” or “Perform the prayers with shoes on” do not stand for an order, but freeness. Scholars stated that one can perform the prayers with shoes on as long as they are clean. One can also perform the prayers barefoot. It is optional. It can be also understood from a lot of other narrations in which the messenger prays either barefoot or with his shoes on. (See: Abu Dawud, Prayers, 88)

Thursday, May 6, 2021

WHY MUHAMMAD USED TO SHOW HIS NAKEDNESS TO HIS CAMPANION?

 *WHY MUHAMMAD USED TO SHOW HIS NAKEDNESS TO HIS CAMPANION?* 


_Muhammad was a pornstar_


Narrated 'Aishah:


" *Zaid bin Harithah arrived in Al-Madinah while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in his house. So he went and knocked at the door, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood naked (1), dragging his garment - and by Allah! I did not see him naked before nor afterwards - and he hugged him and kissed him." (1) They say that the meaning of naked here is that he was not wearing his Rida or upper wrap and it was that which was dragging, so the area between the navel and knees were covered.* 


حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَدِمَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي بَيْتِي فَأَتَاهُ فَقَرَعَ الْبَابَ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عُرْيَانًا يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ عُرْيَانًا قَبْلَهُ وَلاَ بَعْدَهُ فَاعْتَنَقَهُ وَقَبَّلَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ‏.‏

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2732

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2732

In-book reference : Book 42, Hadith 45

English translation : Vol. 5, Book 40, Hadith 2732


*Aisha a toddler wife of Mohammad said: "* 


 *that the Prophet of Allah  was sitting naked in front of the companions." Aisha said:* 


وكان النبي هو الله: "كان النبي جالسًا عريانًا أمام الصحابة".


Sahih -Muslim Volume: 4 Page. 153


*_Muhammad was not a prophet but a PORNSTAR_*

Tuesday, May 4, 2021

THE SERIOUS DOUBTS OF MUHAMMAD

 

One of the most troubling verses in the Qur’an for Muslims is Surah 10:94. This Qur’anic verse reveals that Muhammad had serious doubts about the revelations he was receiving. He had doubts whether these revelations were genuinely from God or not. Is it not shocking to learn that Muhammad is the first person to doubt the Qur’an? To address this dilemma, Allah revealed Surah 10:94.Muhammad was commanded to seek the guidance of those who read the Holy Bible to overcome his doubts. Two different translations are provided below:

Surah 10:94: So if you (O Muhammadare in doubt concerning that which We have revealed unto you . . . ask those who are reading the Book(Torah and theGospel) before you. Verily, the truth has come to you from your Lord. So be not of those who doubt it.” (Hilali-Khan)

 But if you are in doubt as to what We have revealed to you, ask those who read the Book before you; certainly the truth has come to you from your Lord, therefore you should not be of the disputers. (Shakir)

 The only “Book” (singular)containing both the Torahand the Gospel is the Holy Bible. And the only people who have been reading both the Torah and the Gospel at the time of Muhammad were the Christians. The Jews do not read the Gospel. The entire Bible consisting of both Torah and the Gospel is the only source of divine guidance for Christians. For Allah to command Muhammad to consult the Christians, the Bible must have remained pure and unaltered in any way. Otherwise, Allah would not have given this commandment to Muhammad. It would certainly be futile to seek clarification from a people whose Scriptures had become corrupted. To paraphrase Surah 10:94Allah is simply saying:

“Muhammad, if you have doubts about the Qur’an, consult the people who read the Bibleto clear your doubts.”

Let us analyze the full implication of Surah 10:94.This Qur’anic verse testifies that the Bible is the divine standard by which Muhammad can determine the credibility of the Qur’an. It is the divine standard by which he can verify if the Qur’an is true or not. It serves as the judge for Muhammad to determine if the revelations he was receiving are genuinely from God or not. Surah 10:94proves that the authorization of the Biblewas crucial for Muhammad to verify the validity of the Qur’an.

Since the Bible is the standard of truth with which the Qur’an must agree with, it stands above the judgment of the Qur’an. It is the Qur’an that has to be verified in the light of the previous Scriptures and not the other way around. Since it is the Bible that evaluates the Qur’an, it is far greater in authority than the Qur’an. Can the Qur’an evaluate the Book that evaluates it? Contrary to the claim of the Muslims that the Qur’an was sent to replace the BibleAllah commanded Muhammad to consult the Bible – long after the arrival of the Qur’an. Therefore, Surah 10:94 not only confirms the credibility of the Bible as the authoritative Word of God, but it also reveals that it was never the intention of Allah for the Qur’an to supersede or to abrogate or to replace the Bible.

Surah 10:94 belongs to Surah Jonah (Yunoswhich is a late Meccan Surah. What should be troubling for Muslims is the fact that Muhammad was having serious doubts about the revelations he was receiving almost a decade after receiving them. The nature of Muhammad’s doubt is indeed serious. He doubted the very legitimacy of the Qur’an itself. He doubted the very source that is supposed to eliminate doubts and build faith. This is extremely troubling. Read once again the words of Allah:

Surah 10:94: But if you (Muhammadare in doubt as to what We have revealed to you, ask those who read the Book before you. (Pickthall)

All these evidences prove that the Bible is the standard of gold by which the Qur’an is to be evaluated. As Muslims are not above Muhammad, it is also mandatory for them to submit to this commandment of Allah in Surah 10:94. This fact is verified in the following Tafsir on Surah 10:94.

Al-Muntakhab fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim on Surah 10:94:

If you O Muhammad or any of your followers are in doubt of what has been inspired to you, then ask those who have been reading and perusing the Book before you.

Are Muslims not amazed to learn that Allah’s greatest Prophet is commanded to seek the guidance of ordinary Christians to clear his doubts? Why? Because the Bible eliminates doubts and restores faith. In fact, the life of Muhammad hangs on the balance if he fails to heed this commandment of Allah to consult the Christians. He will be among those who perish. Allah sternly warned Muhammad of the consequences in the very next verse:

Surah 10:95: And do not be of those who reject the Signs (Verses) of Allah, or you shall be of those who will perish. (Syed Vicar Ahamed)

The only cure for Muhammad was the Bible.That is the only remedy Allah could rely on to save his Prophet from destruction. Since the revelation of the Qur’an was still in progression, why did not Allah inspire an appropriate faith-strengthening verse in the Qur’an for Muhammad to overcome his doubts? Why did Allah appeal to the Bibleto solve this predicament? The fact that Allah had to appeal to the Bible as the only solution to solve the crisis of his Prophet proves that the Bible is irreplaceable. The restoration of Muhammad’s faith rested solely on the Bible. It was the only solution to solve the otherwise insoluble problem. Will Allah permit such an essential Book to become corrupted as Muslims claim? Will he not protect the very foundation upon which the credibility of the Qur’an depends on? If you destroy the foundation, you destroy everything that is built on it.

Well Muslims, is it not shocking to learn that your Prophet, the very recipient of the Qur’an, had serious doubts about the revelations he was receiving – years after he began receiving them? Does it not astonish you to learn that the only solution is the Bible for your Prophet to overcome his doubts? For Muhammad to trust the Qur’an, he has to first trust the Bible. So must you!

While Muhammad was commanded to seek the guidance of the People of theBook to clear his doubts, neither the Jews nor the Christians were ever commanded to see the guidance of Muhammad. Instead of turning to Muhammad, Allah admonished them to consult their own inspired Scriptures.The following Qur’anic verses clearly testify to this truth. With reference to the Jews, Allah questioned Muhammad:

Surah 5:43: But why do they come to you for judgment when they have the Torah, which enshrines God’s own judgment? (W. Khan)

Similarly, the Christians were commanded to judge by what was revealed to them:

Surah 5:47: “The followers of the Gospels (the New Testament) must judge according to what God has revealed in it. Those who do not judge by the laws of God are evil doers. (M. Sarwar)

The above two Qur’anic verses can still be found in the Qur’an today. And the message in these two Qur’anic verses still remains the same today. This means that even now, the Qur’an admonishes the Jews and the Christians to follow the guidance of their own Scriptures. If Muslims truly believe in the Qur’an, they will not be deceived by those who falsely claim that the Bible has become corrupted. Read the Qur’an and the Qur’an will direct you to the Bible – the eternal Word of God.

Shalom

Max Shimba Ministries

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